When to refer:
Referral to a physician is necessary when the condition suspected is not of musculoskeletal origin. If any associated risk factors or presence of any red flags are present, refer to a physician.
Risk Factors
Substance use/abuse
Alcohol use/abuse Age Occupation Body mass index (BMI) Domestic violence Gender |
Race/ethnicity
Sedentary lifestyle Tobacco use Exposure to radiation Overseas travel Multiple sexual partners |